Pentateuch; (Five Books of Moses) Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy The Book of Moses (Neh 13:1; 2 Chr 25:4) The Book of Law of Moses (Neh 8:1) The Book of the Law of God (Neh 8:18) The Law of the LORD (1Chr 16:40; Ezra 7:10) The Torah (For the Jews)
Author and Date Written by Moses at Mt. Sinai (Horeb) During BC 1445(Exodus)-1405 (Moses’ death) (Ex 17:14, 24:4; Num 33:1-2; Deut 31:9; Josh 1:8; 2 Kings 21:8)
Geography Background 1. Mesopotamia (Ur); (Gen1-11) 2. à The Promised Land; Canaan; (Gen12-36) 3. à Egypt (Gen 37-Exo 18) 4. à Mt. Sinai (Exo 19-Num10) 5. àKadesh Barnea: rebellion (Num10-14) 6. à Wandering in the Wilderness; New Generations born (Num 15-36) 7. à Plains of Moab: Teachings of Moses (Deut1-34)
Historical and Theological Themes (1) For OT Believers’ Perspective: Moses wrote the Principle of the whole OT. 1. Relationship with God and Israel; a. Husband and His Wife b. King and His People c. Father and His Children 2. Principle of God’s Redemptive plan a. Covenant of God with Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and Israel at Mt Sinai. b. Purpose of Redemption of Israel i) To Worship God: (Exo 3:12, 4:23, 7:16, 8:1,20, 9:1,13, 10:3,7,8,11,24,26, 12:31) ii) To Become a Kingdom of Priest. (Exo 19:6) iii) To Become a Holy Nation. (Exo 19:6; Lev 19:2) iv) For God’s Glory (Exo 14:4; 14:17-18, 14:31; 15:11, 18:8-11) (2) For NT Believers’ Perspective: Moses wrote about Jesus. (Jn 5:46) We should be able to find Jesus in the Pentateuch. Genesis (Gen): Book of Origin à Jesus; Seed of woman (Gen 3:15) Exodus (Exo): Book of Redemption à Jesus; Passover Lamb (Exo 12) Leviticus (Lev): Book of Law à Jesus; Perfect Offering for Sin (Lev 1-7) Numbers (Num): Book of Journey à Jesus; lifted up snake (Num 21:4-9) Deuteronomy (Deut): Book of Teaching à Jesus; the Prophet (Deut18:15)
I. Division of Pentateuch. (1) According to Main Eras of the Old Testament. 1. Primitive History Era (Gen 1-11) 2. Patriarch Era (Gen 12-50) 3. Exodus Era (Exo, Lev, Num, Deut)
(2) Division According to Relationship between God and Israel: (Wedding; Kingdom; Family) A. Wedding: Husband and His Wife. 1. Introduction: (Gen1- Exo18) Husband: Who is God the Husband? What did God do? Why? (Gen1-11) His Wife: Who is His wife Israel? Origin; Redemption (Gen 12- Exo18) 2. Body: (Exo19-Num10:10) Wedding Ceremony at Mt. Sinai (Exo 19) Marriage Agreement: 10 commandments; Tabernacle; Priests (Exo19- Leviticus) 3. Conclusion: (Num10:11-Deut 34) Life Together in the Wilderness: How did they live together? (Num) Future: New Home; Love; commitment (Deut) B. Kingdom: King and His People; 1. Introduction: (Gen 1:1- Exo18) Who is the King? What did the King do to His people? (Gen 1-11) Who is His People? Origin and Redemption (Gen 12-Exo 18) 2. Body: (Exo19-Num 10:10) Ceremony between King and His People (Exo 19) National Covenant; Laws; Tabernacle; Priests (Exo-Leviticus) 3. Conclusion: (Num10:11-Deut34) Living together under His Kingship Future: New Kingdom; the Promised Land (Deut) C. Family: Father and His Children; 1. Introduction: (Gen1- Exo18) Who is the Father? What did the Father do to His children? (Gen 1-11) Who is His Children? Origin and Adoption (Gen 12-Exo 18) 2. Body: (Exo19-Num10:10) Celebration of Union between Father and His children (Exo 19) Family Agreement; 10 commandments; Tabernacle; Priests (Exo19- Leviticus) 3. Conclusion: (Num10:11-Deut34) Living together in the Wilderness; Parenting, Discipline Future: New Home; Love and Obedience (Deut)
II. Division According to Main Eras of the Old Testament. 1. Primitive History Era (Gen 1-11) The Creation of the World and man and early events. 2. Patriarch Era (Gen 12-50) The birth of the Hebrew people through Abraham (Isaac, Jacob) 3. Exodus Era (Exo, Lev, Num, Deut) The Exodus of the Hebrew People out of Slavery in Egypt. 1. Primitive History Era (Gen1- Gen11): The Creation of the World and man and early events. (1) Creation (Gen 1- Gen 2) (2) The Fall (Gen 3) (3) Flood: Account of Noah (Gen 6- Gen 9) (4) The Dispersion: Tower of Babel (Gen 11) 2. Patriarch Era (Gen12- Gen50): The birth of the Israel through Abraham (Isaac, Jacob) (1) Abraham (Gen 12- Gen 25) (2) Isaac (Gen 26- Gen 28) (3) Jacob (Gen 28- Gen 36) (4) Joseph (Gen 37- Gen 50) 3. The Exodus Era (Exo, Lev, Num, Deut) God delivered the Hebrew People from slavery in Egypt and gives them the Law. (1) Exodus: (Exo1-18) (2) Law in Mt Sinai: (Exo19-40; Lev; Num 1-10) (3) Unbelief in Kadesh Barnea: (Num10-14) (4) 40 years Training of Wandering: (Num20-36) (5) Sermons of Moses in the Plains of Moab. (Deut1-34)
III. Details of Division of Pentateuch 1. The Primitive History Era (Gen 1-11) The creation of the world and man and early events. (1) Creation. (Gen1-2) God created the heavens and the earth. God created Adam and Eve in the image of God. (2) Fall. (Gen 3-5) Satan deceived Eve. Adam disobeyed God’s command purposefully. Sin entered the world but God promised the seed. (Gospel) (3) Flood: the Judgment for Sin (Gen6-9) God punished the whole world through the flood. God saved Noah through the Ark and made covenant with him; A new beginning. (4) The Dispersion: Tower of Babel: Beginning of the nations. (Gen 10-11) Rebellion of Men and Judgment of God. God confused their languages, forcing them to disperse.
2. The Patriarch Era (Gen12-50) The Birth of the Israel people through Abraham, Isaac, Jacob. (1) Abraham: Father of the Hebrew people. (Gen12-25) God’s Covenant with Abraham. Abraham’s faith and obedience : One Promised Son; Isaac. (2) Isaac. Second Father of Promise (Gen26-28) God’s Covenant with Isaac Isaac’s faith and obedience: Two Sons: Esau and Jacob. (3) Jacob: Father of the nation of Israel. (Gen28-36) God’s covenant with Jacob Jacob’s Faith and Blessings: Twelve Sons; Israel (4) Joseph: Leader in Egypt (Gen37-50) God’s Sovereignty in His life: Portrait of Jesus
3. The Exodus Era (Exo, Lev, Num, Deut) God delivered the Israel from slavery in Egypt and gives them the Law. (1) Exodus: Deliverance from slavery in Egypt (Exo1-18) Bondage (Exo 1-6): Moses: God’s training; the man of God; characters Redemption Exo7-18) 10 plagues: Passover: Power of God; Grace of God (2) Law in Mt Sinai (Exo19-40; Lev; Num1-10) Covenant at Mt. Sinai (Exo19-31) 10 commandments and Laws at Mt. Sinai. Idol Worship (Exo32-34) Tabernacle (Exo35-40) Priests: Sacrifice (Worship); Shadow of Jesus Leviticus: Law Laws on Sacrifice (Lev 1-7) Institution of Priesthood (Lev8-10) Laws for Uncleanness and Its treatment (Lev11-16) Laws for the Practice of Holiness (Lev17-27) Numbers; Journey Preparation for the Journey (Num1-10:10) (3) Unbelief in Kadesh Barnea: (Num10-14) Journey; From Mt. Sinai to Kadesh Barnea (Num10-14) People’s unbelief. (4) 40 years Training of Wandering: (Num15-36) The Tragic Transition: Rebellion and Laws (Num 15-20) Consequences of rebelling against God. New Generation: Journey to the Plains of Moab (Num 21-36) God’s Protection and Provision Transition of Generation: New Generation was born. (5) Teachings of Moses in the Plains of Moab. (Deut1-34) First Speech (Deut 1-4) Second Speech (Deut 5-11) Reiteration of Laws for Worship and Conduct (Deut 12-26) Third Speech (Deut 27-30) Conclusion of Moses Ministry (Deut 31-34) View of Deuteronomy dominating the rest of the OT. Obey equal Blessing and Disobey equal curse.
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